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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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He 4 4He + n + n continuum within an ab initio framework.

Carolina Romero-Redondo1, Sofia Quaglioni2, Petr Navrátil1

  • 1TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|August 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored the Helium-6 nucleus

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The Helium-6 nucleus exhibits complex low-lying continuum spectrum properties.
  • Understanding its structure is crucial for nuclear astrophysics and fundamental physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the low-lying continuum spectrum of the Helium-6 nucleus.
  • To explore the three-cluster dynamics ((4)He + n + n) of its lowest decay channel.
  • To identify and characterize nuclear resonances within Helium-6.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ab initio framework combining the no-core shell model and resonating-group method.
  • Solved the three-cluster Schrödinger equation using the hyperspherical-harmonics method on a Lagrange mesh.
  • Employed a soft similarity-renormalization-group evolved chiral nucleon-nucleon potential for microscopic calculations.

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Main Results:

  • Confirmed the known J(π) = 2(+) resonance in Helium-6.
  • Found evidence for a new low-lying second 2(+) resonance at 2.6 MeV above the ground state.
  • Identified resonances in 2(-), 1(+), and 0(-) channels, with no low-lying resonances in 0(+) and 1(-) channels.

Conclusions:

  • The ab initio framework successfully describes the low-lying spectrum of Helium-6.
  • The study supports the existence of a newly observed second 2(+) resonance.
  • Provides a comprehensive understanding of Helium-6's resonance structure and decay channels.