Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Meiosis I

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...

Genetic Screens

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Custom subperiosteal implants used to rehabilitate the atrophic edentulous maxilla following multiple failures of both conventional as well as zygomatic implants: a case report.

Journal of surgical case reports·2025

Same author

A Magic Trick Training Program to Improve Social Skills and Self-Esteem in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association·2023

Same author

Contribution of a virtual magic camp to enhancing self-esteem in children with ADHD: A pilot study.

Health psychology research·2021

Same author

The 'magic' of magic camp from the perspective of children with hemiparesis.

Journal of exercise rehabilitation·2021

Same author

Evaluation of a Magic Camp for Children with Hemiparesis: A Pilot Study.

Occupational therapy in health care·2020

Same author

Development and Validation of the Hocus Focus Magic Performance Evaluation Scale for Health Professions Personnel in the United States.

Journal of educational evaluation for health professions·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

In Vitro Modeling of Down Syndrome Neurogenesis Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In Vitro Modeling of Down Syndrome Neurogenesis Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Screening for Down syndrome.

Kevin Spencer¹

¹Prenatal Research Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Barking Havering & Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, King George Hospital , Goodmayes , UK.

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum

|August 2, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Screening for Down Syndrome has evolved from maternal age to include biochemical markers and ultrasound in the first trimester. Future strategies may incorporate cell-free DNA testing for improved aneuploidy detection.

Keywords:

Aneuploidy PAPP-A first trimester maternal serum nuchal translucency β-hCG

More Related Videos

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

In Vitro Modeling of Down Syndrome Neurogenesis Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In Vitro Modeling of Down Syndrome Neurogenesis Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Prenatal screening
Maternal serum screening
Fetal aneuploidy

Background:

Down Syndrome screening initially relied on maternal age.
Advancements include biochemical markers and algorithms for trisomy 21 and 18 risk estimation.
Second-trimester screening utilized four biochemical markers: alpha-fetoprotein, total hCG, unconjugated estriol, and free β-hCG.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution of Down Syndrome screening.
To discuss first-trimester screening methods and influencing factors.
To explore future directions in prenatal aneuploidy screening.

Main Methods:

Review of historical and current screening methodologies.
Discussion of first-trimester combined test (ultrasound Nuchal Translucency, free β-hCG, PAPP-A).
Analysis of maternal and pregnancy factors affecting marker concentrations.

Main Results:

First-trimester screening combines ultrasound and biochemical markers (free β-hCG, PAPP-A).
Maternal and pregnancy factors can influence biochemical marker levels.
Cell-free DNA techniques show potential for future screening improvements.

Conclusions:

First-trimester screening, particularly the combined test, is advancing prenatal care.
Future strategies may integrate cell-free DNA for enhanced aneuploidy detection.
There is a need to shift focus to early assessments (11-13 weeks) in antenatal care.