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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
16

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Interactions between microglia and T cells in multiple sclerosis pathobiology.

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Interactions between microglia and T cells in the central nervous system are crucial in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. These cells communicate, influencing disease progression and outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Microglia, the brain's immune cells, and T lymphocytes are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS) neuropathology.
  • These cells are found in close proximity within MS lesions and animal models, indicating potential for significant interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the interactions between T cells and microglia in the context of multiple sclerosis.
  • To elucidate the various responses resulting from these cellular interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular expression enabling microglia-T cell engagement.
  • Analysis of documented interactions including antigen presentation and reciprocal activation.

Main Results:

  • Microglia present antigens to activate T cells.
  • T cells activate microglia, leading to progressive mutual stimulation.
  • These interactions can result in both neurotoxic and neurotrophic outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • T cell-microglia interactions are integral to the pathobiology of multiple sclerosis.
  • Future research should focus on T helper cell subsets and microglial polarization (M1/M2) to understand specific functional outcomes.