Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 26, 2026
Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
Published on: June 6, 2025
Phase I/II study of clofarabine, etoposide, and mitoxantrone in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia
Kamal K S Abbi1, Witold Rybka2, W Christopher Ehmann2
1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Background:
Clofarabine, a second-generation nucleoside analogue, was studied in combination with etoposide and mitoxantrone in acute leukemia.
Patients And Methods:
In the phase I portion of this study clofarabine was given 20 or 25 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days (Days 2-6) with etoposide 100 mg/m(2) from day 1 to 5 and mitoxantrone 8 mg/m(2) from day 1 to 3. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, and dose level 1, with clofarabine 20 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days was identified as the phase 2 dose. In total, 22 patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (n = 18) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 4) were treated.
Results:
Five of 22 patients (23%) achieved complete response (CR), and 3 (13%) achieved CR with incomplete platelet recovery; an overall response rate of 36%. Median overall survival was 167 days (range, 22-1327 days). For 2 patients this regimen represented an effective bridge to allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Conclusion:
Clofarabine in combination with etoposide and mitoxantrone is tolerable and shows significant activity in relapsed and refractory acute leukemia in adults.
