Characterization of structure, physico-chemical properties and diffusion behavior of Ca-Alginate gel beads prepared...

Ca-Alginate beads were prepared with either external or internal calcium sources by dripping technique. It was found that beads synthesized with internal calcium source had a looser structure and bigger pore size than those produced with external calcium source. Consequently, a faster diffusion rate of Vitamin B12 (VB12) within the beads with an internal calcium source was observed. Furthermore, the concentration of calcium ion, ionic strength and pH of the external gel beads formation solution were investigated. Results showed that (a) the concentration of the calcium ion was found to be the determining factor in the gel formation phenomenon; (b) the weight and volume losses are in effect due to water removal; (c) NaCl acts as a competitor with calcium and a screen in the electrostatic repulsion; and (d) the pH controls the gel formation process by regulating the dissociation of alginate and the complexation of the calcium cations. These results are keys to understanding the behavior and performance of beads in their utilization medium.