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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

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Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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Histone h4 modification during mouse spermatogenesis.

Yoshiki Shirakata1, Yuuki Hiradate, Hiroki Inoue

  • 1Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.

The Journal of Reproduction and Development
|August 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone H4 modifications vary during male germ cell development in mice. These patterns, particularly during meiotic prophase and elongating spermatids, are crucial for understanding gene expression and male infertility.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Histone modifications are vital for biological processes, but their role in spermatogenesis is largely unknown.
  • Histone H4, a core component of nucleosomes, undergoes various post-translational modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the modification patterns of histone H4 during murine spermatogenesis.
  • To understand the functional significance of histone H4 modifications in male germ cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of N-terminal modification sites on histone H4.
  • Characterization of methylation and acetylation patterns during spermatogenesis stages.

Main Results:

  • Individual N-terminal sites of histone H4 exhibit distinct modification patterns during male germ cell differentiation.
  • Histone H4 modifications, including methylation and acetylation, are dynamically regulated throughout spermatogenesis.
  • High levels of H4 modifications during meiotic prophase suggest a critical role in this stage.

Conclusions:

  • Histone H4 modification patterns are specific to different stages of spermatogenesis.
  • Increased H4 acetylation in elongating spermatids may relate to histone-to-protamine substitution.
  • Understanding these modifications offers insights into epigenetic regulation of gene expression and male infertility.