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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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SCOPE++: sequence classification of homoPolymer emissions.

James T Morton1, Patricia Abrudan2, Nathanial Figueroa1

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.

Genomics
|August 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

We developed SCOPE++, a new tool that accurately identifies the precise end of poly(A) tails in RNA sequences. This helps researchers better understand gene expression and polyadenylation processes.

Keywords:
Hidden Markov ModelPolyadenylationTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • mRNA polyadenylation is crucial for eukaryotic gene expression and regulation.
  • Accurate identification of poly(A) tails in sequencing data is challenging due to errors and modifications.
  • Existing tools primarily focus on trimming poly(A) tails, not detailed analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a tool for precise identification of poly(A) tail boundaries in sequencing data.
  • To address limitations of existing methods in handling sequencing errors and post-transcriptional modifications.
  • To provide a resource for detailed polyadenylation research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of SCOPE++, an open-source tool.
  • Utilizing a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach.
  • Application to raw mRNA sequence reads, including EST/cDNA and RNA-Seq data.

Main Results:

  • SCOPE++ accurately identifies the precise border of poly(A) tails and other homopolymers.
  • The tool demonstrates high accuracy even with error-prone sequencing data.
  • Achieves speeds suitable for large-scale sequence datasets.

Conclusions:

  • SCOPE++ precisely identifies poly(A) tails with near-perfect accuracy.
  • The tool is efficient for high-throughput applications.
  • Provides a valuable resource for advancing polyadenylation research.