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Immune responses in neonates
Saleem Basha1, Naveen Surendran, Michael Pichichero
1Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
|August 5, 2014
Summary
Neonates possess immature immune systems, making them susceptible to infections. This review details their innate and adaptive immunity, crucial for developing effective neonatal vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neonatal Development
Background:
- Neonates have underdeveloped immune systems, increasing susceptibility to infections.
- Immune responses in neonates are influenced by lymphocyte precursor frequency, antigen dose, and exposure route.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the developmental and functional mechanisms of the human neonatal immune system.
- To discuss innate and adaptive immunity in neonates, including key cell types and T lymphocyte subclasses.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on neonatal immunity.
- Analysis of studies using neonatal mouse models and human umbilical cord blood cells.
Main Results:
- Neonatal immune cells show some similarities but also significant differences compared to adult immune cells.
- Specific roles of neutrophils, antigen-presenting cells, T lymphocyte subclasses (Th1, Th2, Tregs), and B cells in neonatal immunity are highlighted.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of neonatal immunity is vital for developing targeted vaccines against emerging infectious agents.
- Further research into neonatal immune responses is essential for improving infant health outcomes.
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