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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Determination01:51

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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Renal development: a complex process dependent on inductive interaction.

Kiran K Upadhyay, Douglas M Silverstein1

  • 1The United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Renal Devices Branch, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

Current Pediatric Reviews
|August 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding early kidney development is crucial, as abnormalities affect nearly one-third of urinary tract conditions. This involves intricate stages from pronephros to metanephros, forming the mature kidney and its structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Urology
  • Pediatric Nephrology

Background:

  • Renal development initiates in utero and continues through childhood.
  • Urinary tract abnormalities constitute a significant portion of developmental anomalies.
  • Key phases include pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the critical stages and molecular players in human renal development.
  • To highlight the origins of the mature kidney structures from embryonic components.
  • To underscore the impact of external factors on kidney formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established literature on embryonic kidney development.
  • Description of the sequential formation of renal structures from germ layers.
  • Identification of key molecular signaling pathways and their roles.

Main Results:

  • The metanephros, originating from the ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm, forms the mature kidney.
  • Reciprocal interactions between these components are essential for nephrogenesis.
  • All nephrons are formed by 32-36 weeks of gestation, with lower urinary tract development occurring concurrently.

Conclusions:

  • Normal renal development relies on precise timing and interaction of molecular factors.
  • Medications and environmental influences can disrupt this complex process.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for addressing congenital kidney anomalies.