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Determinants of congruency sequence effects without learning and memory confounds.

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The congruency sequence effect (CSE) in cognitive tasks is smaller after incongruent trials. This study demonstrates CSEs without confounds, challenging existing cognitive control theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • The congruency sequence effect (CSE) is a common finding in distracter interference tasks, where the difference in reaction time (RT) between incongruent and congruent trials is smaller following an incongruent trial.
  • Two primary explanations for the CSE exist: trial-by-trial adjustments in cognitive control versus feature integration and contingency learning processes.
  • Previous studies often contained confounds that made it difficult to distinguish between these explanations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the congruency sequence effect (CSE) under conditions that minimize confounds with feature integration and contingency learning.
  • To test the validity of cognitive control adjustment theories of the CSE.
  • To determine the relationship between CSE magnitude and the overall congruency effect.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted three online experiments with over 450 participants.
  • Designed tasks where stimulus-response translation was faster for distracters than targets, and distracters and targets appeared in the same location.
  • Analyzed reaction times (RT) and the magnitude of the congruency effect and congruency sequence effect (CSE).

Main Results:

  • Observed significant CSEs under the specified experimental conditions, ruling out feature integration and contingency learning confounds.
  • Found that the magnitude of the CSE did not consistently correlate with the size of the congruency effect.
  • Demonstrated that CSEs can occur independently of the proposed confounding factors.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the occurrence of CSEs even when feature integration and contingency learning confounds are absent.
  • The results impose new constraints on certain cognitive control theories attempting to explain the CSE.
  • Suggests that trial-by-trial cognitive control adjustments may be a more robust explanation for the CSE under specific circumstances.