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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

Published on: October 5, 2020

Texting while driving: is speech-based text entry less risky than handheld text entry?

J He¹, A Chaparro¹, B Nguyen¹

¹Department of Psychology, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS 67260, USA.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention

|August 5, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Texting while driving, whether handheld or hands-free, impairs driving performance. Hands-free texting is less distracting than handheld, but still significantly impacts driving safety.

Keywords:

Car following Cellphone Driver distraction Speech-based interaction Texting

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Published on: December 18, 2020

Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Psychology
Transportation Safety

Background:

Cell phone use while driving is a known safety concern.
Limited research directly compares the distraction levels of hands-free (speech-based) versus handheld texting.
Understanding these differences is crucial for automotive design, legislation, and safety training.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the driving performance impairment caused by speech-based versus handheld cell phone text entry.
To investigate the impact of these different texting methods on driving metrics such as speed, lane position, and reaction time.

Main Methods:

Participants performed a simulated car following task.
A secondary text-entry task (either speech-based or handheld) was introduced.
Driving performance was measured under three conditions: driving only, driving with handheld texting, and driving with speech-based texting.

Main Results:

Both speech-based and handheld texting significantly impaired driving performance compared to driving alone.
Handheld texting led to increased brake response time and headway variation.
Speech-based texting resulted in less impairment than handheld texting, but still significantly impacted driving.

Conclusions:

Speech-based text entry, while less detrimental than handheld, still poses a significant distraction to drivers.
The difference in distraction is not solely attributable to task duration.
These findings highlight the need for caution with all forms of in-vehicle cell phone use, including hands-free systems.