Visible and near-infrared optical properties of a proton-implanted KTP waveguide

In this work, the optical properties of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguides in the visible and near-infrared region are reported. The KTP waveguides were fabricated using 550 keV proton implantation at room temperature, and the refractive index profiles of the implanted region in the visible and near-infrared region were reconstructed. The profiles of the guided modes were measured through the end-face coupling method with both 632.8 and 1539 nm laser sources and then compared with the simulation results using the beam propagation method. Optical transmission and Raman spectra in the original substrate and waveguide active region were measured to study microstructural changes. The propagation loss of the TM0-mode at 632.8 nm was also measured.