Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

24.7K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
24.7K
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

5.7K
5.7K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

3.1K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.1K
Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

3.7K
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
3.7K
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

7.0K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
7.0K
Transduction01:16

Transduction

2.9K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Signatures of gene transfer in the parallel evolution of osmotrophic specialization in eukaryotes.

Nature ecology & evolution·2026
Same author

Single-cell sequencing reveals unexpected genetic diversity among <i>Bodo</i> spp. flagellates and their bacterial endosymbionts.

Microbial genomics·2026
Same author

The LECA had a conventional kinetochore and the kinetoplastid kinetochore is a derived feature - a critical evaluation of Akiyoshi, 2025.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same author

De Novo Genome Sequence Assembly of the RNAi-Tractable Paramecium bursaria 186b: An Endosymbiotic Model System.

Genome biology and evolution·2025
Same author

The Biodiversity Cell Atlas: mapping the tree of life at cellular resolution.

Nature·2025
Same author

Comparative single-cell genomics of two uncultivated <i>Naegleria</i> species harboring <i>Legionella</i> cobionts.

mSphere·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana
07:33

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana

Published on: January 3, 2014

22.6K

Horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotic plant pathogens.

Darren Soanes1, Thomas A Richards

  • 1Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom;

Annual Review of Phytopathology
|August 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has significantly shaped plant pathogens. This review highlights 46 cases where HGT contributed to the evolution of phytopathogenic traits in fungi and oomycetes.

Keywords:
effectorsfungioomycetesphylogenyplant cell walltransporters

More Related Videos

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms
08:16

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Published on: March 1, 2022

6.6K
Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta
08:07

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta

Published on: August 15, 2017

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana
07:33

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana

Published on: January 3, 2014

22.6K
Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms
08:16

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Published on: March 1, 2022

6.6K
Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta
08:07

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta

Published on: August 15, 2017

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Gene transfer is a major driver of bacterial genomic innovation.
  • In microbial eukaryotes, gene transfer can lead to novel functions for niche colonization.
  • The role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in plant-pathogen evolution is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize published evidence for HGT in the evolution of phytopathogenic traits.
  • To investigate the role of HGT in the adaptation of fungi and oomycetes as plant pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature survey of published cases of gene transfer in phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes.
  • Analysis of the functions of transferred genes in relation to pathogen life cycles.
  • Identification of genes with putative or experimentally demonstrated phytopathogenic functions.

Main Results:

  • Identified 46 proposed cases of HGT contributing to phytopathogenic functions.
  • The majority of identified HGTs are linked to host invasion, degradation, and manipulation.
  • Evidence suggests HGT plays a role in the evolution of fungal and oomycete plant pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal gene transfer has been a significant factor in the evolution of plant pathogenicity in fungi and oomycetes.
  • HGT contributes crucial functions for pathogen interaction with host plants.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that HGT has shaped the ability of these organisms to colonize plant hosts.