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Tick-borne lymphadenopathy, an emerging disease
André Silva-Pinto1, Maria de Lurdes Santos1, António Sarmento1
1Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases
|August 6, 2014
Summary
Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) is a tick-borne illness presenting with an eschar and swollen lymph nodes. This review of 537 cases highlights Rickettsia slovaca as the main cause and Dermacentor marginatus ticks, primarily in Europe.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Medical Entomology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) is a spotted fever group disease.
- Characterized by an eschar and enlarged lymph nodes following a tick bite, often on the scalp.
- Rickettsia slovaca is a primary causative agent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing literature on TIBOLA up to May 2013.
- To synthesize information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and causative agents.
- To inform early recognition and treatment of TIBOLA.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of 41 articles.
- Analysis of 537 reported cases of TIBOLA.
- Identification of common tick vectors and bacterial pathogens.
Main Results:
- Predominance of cases in females and young individuals.
- Majority of cases reported in Spain, France, and Hungary during colder seasons.
- Rickettsia slovaca identified as the most frequent bacterium, with Dermacentor marginatus as the most common vector.
- Doxycycline was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic.
Conclusions:
- TIBOLA predominantly affects females and young people, often linked to scalp tick bites.
- Rickettsia slovaca transmitted by Dermacentor marginatus ticks is a key factor in TIBOLA cases in Europe.
- There is potential for TIBOLA emergence outside Europe, necessitating improved awareness for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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