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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

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Language as a multimodal phenomenon: implications for language learning, processing and evolution.

Gabriella Vigliocco1, Pamela Perniss2, David Vinson3

  • 1Cognitive, Perceptual & Brain Sciences Department, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP Deafness, Cognition & Language Research Centre, 49 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PD g.vigliocco@ucl.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Language is multimodal, involving speech, gestures, and sign languages. A multimodal approach is crucial for understanding language learning, processing, and evolution beyond traditional spoken language studies.

Keywords:
iconicitylanguage developmentlanguage evolutionlanguage processingmultimodality of language

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Multimodal Communication

Background:

  • Traditional language research predominantly focuses on spoken Indo-European languages, treating language as solely speech or text.
  • This narrow focus overlooks the multimodal nature of face-to-face communication, which includes visual cues like facial expressions and gestures.
  • It also perpetuates the assumption that language is exclusively an arbitrary symbolic system, neglecting iconicity.

Discussion:

  • Face-to-face communication is inherently multimodal, integrating speech with visual information from the face and manual gestures.
  • Sign languages utilize multiple channels—hands, face, and body—for constructing utterances, highlighting a different modality of language.
  • Iconicity, the resemblance between form and meaning, is prevalent in gestures, non-Indo-European languages, and is fundamental to sign languages.

Key Insights:

  • Language is not solely arbitrary; iconicity plays a significant role across spoken and signed languages.
  • Multimodal communication, encompassing both auditory and visual channels, is essential for a comprehensive understanding of language.
  • Sign languages offer critical insights into the multimodal nature of human communication and language structure.

Outlook:

  • Adopting a multimodal approach is vital for advancing the study of language learning, processing, and evolution.
  • Future research should integrate signed and spoken language studies to challenge existing assumptions and broaden linguistic theories.
  • This shift promises a more holistic understanding of how humans communicate and how language develops and changes.