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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

A Robust Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assay for Quantifying Cytosine-guanine-guanine Trinucleotide Repeats in Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 Gene
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Visual motion processing deficits in infants with the fragile X premutation.

Pamela K Gallego1, Jessica L Burris1, Susan M Rivera2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA ; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 250, Davis, CA 95618, USA.

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
|August 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Infants with fragile X premutation (FX) show visual processing deficits similar to those with full mutation FX syndrome. This suggests early-onset visual processing issues in FX premutation, highlighting the need for further study in this population.

Keywords:
Contrast detectionFragile X syndromePremutationVisual processing deficits

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fragile X syndrome (FXS) stems from FMR1 gene CGG repeat expansion, causing FMRP absence and cognitive/behavioral issues.
  • Previous research detailed cognitive and visual processing in infants with FXS.
  • Emerging evidence shows cognitive and brain differences in FX premutation adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if low-level visual processing deficits observed in FXS infants are also present in infants with the FX premutation.
  • To determine if second-order motion processing deficits are specific to FXS or a broader fragile X-associated phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • A contrast detection task using second-order motion stimuli was employed.
  • Infants with FXS, FX premutation, Down syndrome (DS), and typically developing (TD) infants participated.
  • Participants were matched for chronological and mental age.

Main Results:

  • Infants with FXS exhibited significantly higher motion contrast detection thresholds than TD controls.
  • Infants with FX premutation also showed significantly higher thresholds than TD infants.
  • FX premutation infants' thresholds were comparable to those with FXS and DS.

Conclusions:

  • FX premutation infants display visual processing deficits similar to FXS and DS infants.
  • These findings align with evidence of mild cognitive and perceptual deficits in older individuals with FX premutation.
  • There is a critical need to study and characterize the processing capabilities of infants and toddlers with the FX premutation.