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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
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Non-coding RNAs and lipid metabolism.

Elisabeth Smolle1, Johannes Haybaeck2

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The mammalian genome contains a significant proportion of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • ncRNAs are broadly classified into long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • ncRNAs play critical roles in gene regulation, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional control, and epigenetic modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the involvement of miRNAs and lncRNAs in metabolic diseases.
  • To explore the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles.
  • Synthesis of data on ncRNA function in specific diseases.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis.
  • Specific miRNAs and lncRNAs show potential as molecular signals, transcription factor guides, and epigenetic regulators.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are key players in metabolic disease development.
  • Further investigation and in vivo validation are needed to establish ncRNAs as reliable disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.