Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

Solid–Solid Solutions

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Application value of gray-scale ultrasound and shear wave elastography in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine·2022

Same author

3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2022

Same author

Non-invasive intracranial pressure assessment using shear-wave elastography in neuro-critical care patients.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2022

Same author

Corrigendum to Whole blood gas and biochemical reference intervals for Lohmann Silver layers [Poultry Science, Volume 100, Issue 9, September 2021, 101368].

Poultry science·2022

Same author

The p300 Inhibitor A-485 Exerts Antitumor Activity in Growth Hormone Pituitary Adenoma.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2022

Same author

Correlation between functional disability and quality of life among rural elderly in Anhui province, China: a cross-sectional study.

BMC public health·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Ammonium- and phosphonium-based temperature control-type polyoxometalate ionic liquids.

Yunyan Li¹, Xuefei Wu, Qingyin Wu

¹Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China. qywu@zju.edu.cn.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|August 7, 2014

Summary

New polyoxometalate ionic liquids (POM-ILs) were synthesized. Phosphonium-based POM-ILs show a layered structure, phase transformation below 100 °C, and superior thermal stability and conductivity compared to ammonium analogues.

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Published on: July 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Published on: July 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Polyoxometalate ionic liquids (POM-ILs) are advanced materials with tunable properties.
Investigating novel POM-IL structures is crucial for developing new functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel ammonium- and phosphonium-based POM-ILs.
To explore the structural, thermal, and conductive properties of these POM-ILs.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of ammonium- and phosphonium-based POM-ILs.
Small-angle X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis.
Thermal stability and conductivity measurements.

Main Results:

Phosphonium-based POM-ILs exhibit a layered structure.
These POM-ILs demonstrate temperature-dependent phase transformations below 100 °C.
Phosphonium-based POM-ILs show enhanced thermal stability and conductivity over ammonium analogues.

Conclusions:

The successful synthesis of novel POM-ILs opens new avenues for material design.
The unique structural and thermal properties of phosphonium-based POM-ILs suggest potential applications in temperature-responsive systems.
Enhanced performance metrics indicate phosphonium-based POM-ILs are promising for advanced applications.