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Unilateral lichen planus: A rare case report.

Manas Bajpai¹, Deshant Agarwal¹, Anindya Bhalla²

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Dental College, Jaipur, India.

Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine

|August 7, 2014

Summary

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Oral lichen planus (OLP), a common condition, can present unusually as unilateral lesions. Immunohistochemistry is crucial for differentiating OLP from similar lichenoid reactions when clinical presentation is atypical.

Area of Science:

Oral pathology
Dermatology
Immunohistochemistry

Background:

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory condition affecting approximately 1% of the population.
Its exact cause remains unclear, and malignant transformation occurs in less than 0.5% annually.
Typical OLP presents as bilateral, symmetrical oral lesions, with unilateral presentation being rare.

Observation:

This report details an uncommon case of unilateral oral lesions initially diagnosed as a lichenoid reaction (LR).
Lichenoid reactions mimic OLP clinically and histopathologically but are often drug-induced and typically non-bilateral.
The patient presented with unilateral lesions, lacking a clear causative agent for LR.

Findings:

Histopathological examination could not definitively distinguish between OLP and LR.

Keywords:

Immunohistochemistry lichenoid reaction oral lichen planus unilateral

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Immunohistochemical analysis was essential for establishing the final diagnosis of OLP.

This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical OLP presentations.

Implications:

The findings underscore the importance of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing oral mucosal diseases when clinical and standard histopathological features are ambiguous.
Recognizing uncommon presentations of OLP is vital for accurate diagnosis and patient management.
Further research into OLP pathogenesis may improve diagnostic and preventative strategies.