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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
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MicroRNAs in Hypoxia Response.

Simona Greco1, Fabio Martelli

  • 1Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato , San Donato Milanese, Italy .

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|August 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia-inducible microRNAs (hypoxamiRs) are key regulators of cellular responses to low oxygen. Understanding hypoxamiRs offers potential for new therapies for ischemic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hypoxia, a state of reduced oxygen tension, triggers complex molecular responses in cells.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression and play a central role in hypoxia.
  • This forum focuses on hypoxamiRs: miRNAs directly regulated by hypoxia that also modulate cellular responses to it.

Discussion:

  • Reviews cover fundamental technical aspects of hypoxamiR research.
  • The impact of hypoxamiRs on cellular metabolism and development is critically examined.
  • The role of hypoxamiRs in cardiovascular diseases and cancer is explored.

Key Insights:

  • HypoxamiRs are defined by their dual regulation by and control over hypoxia-induced cellular processes.
  • Expert contributions span diverse disciplines, offering multifaceted perspectives on hypoxamiRs.
  • The interplay between hypoxamiRs and gene regulatory networks is crucial for physiological and pathological states.

Outlook:

  • Deeper understanding of hypoxamiR function in gene networks is essential.
  • This knowledge may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Potential applications include treatments for various ischemic diseases.