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Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

2.0K
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

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Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
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Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Hepatobiliary cancers, version 2.2014.

Al B Benson, Michael I D'Angelica, Thomas A Abrams

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This review focuses on managing hepatobiliary cancers, specifically gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinomas (intrahepatic and extrahepatic). These aggressive biliary tract cancers require focused clinical strategies for effective patient care.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Surgical Oncology

    Background:

    • Hepatobiliary cancers encompass liver, gallbladder, and bile duct carcinomas.
    • Gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinomas are known as biliary tract cancers.
    • Gallbladder cancer is the most prevalent and aggressive biliary tract malignancy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the clinical management of gallbladder cancer.
    • To detail the management of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas.
    • To provide a comprehensive overview of these specific hepatobiliary malignancies.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of clinical management strategies.
    • Synthesis of current treatment guidelines.
    • Focus on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for biliary tract cancers.

    Main Results:

    • Gallbladder cancer presents unique management challenges due to its aggressiveness.
    • Cholangiocarcinomas are classified as intrahepatic or extrahepatic, with distinct epidemiological features.
    • Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are more frequently diagnosed than intrahepatic types.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinomas requires a multidisciplinary approach.
    • Understanding the differences between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas is crucial for tailored treatment.
    • This review consolidates key information for clinicians managing these challenging hepatobiliary cancers.