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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Heart Valves01:16

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Intracardiac flow dynamics regulate atrioventricular valve morphogenesis.

Stamatia Kalogirou1, Nikos Malissovas1, Enrico Moro2

  • 1Developmental Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Cardiovascular Research
|August 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intracardiac flow dynamics, not heart muscle contraction, guide cardiac valve development. Zebrafish models reveal how blood flow patterns influence valve formation, offering new insights into congenital heart defects.

Keywords:
Adult models of cardiomyopathiesCardiac valvesContractilityIntracardiac flow patternZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Valvular heart disease causes significant illness and death.
  • Cardiac valve development is essential for proper heart function.
  • Zebrafish offer a unique in vivo model for studying cardiac valve development non-invasively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of contractility and intracardiac flow in cardiac valve development.
  • To develop and characterize novel zebrafish models for studying developmental valve defects.
  • To determine if intracardiac flow dynamics regulate valve morphogenesis independently of myocardial contractility.

Main Methods:

  • Generated and analyzed zebrafish mutants for myosin heavy chain 6 and southpaw.
  • Utilized non-invasive in vivo imaging to observe cardiac development and valve formation.
  • Assessed heart chamber positioning, myocardial function, and intracardiac flow patterns.

Main Results:

  • Mutant zebrafish with myosin heavy chain 6 defects showed impaired atrioventricular (AV) valve development.
  • Southpaw mutants exhibited altered heart geometry and randomized chamber positioning, impacting AV valve formation.
  • Midline, unlooped hearts in southpaw mutants displayed abnormal transvalvular flow and valve defects.

Conclusions:

  • Intracardiac flow dynamics are a key regulator of cardiac valve morphogenesis.
  • This regulation occurs independently of myocardial contractility.
  • Findings provide new understanding of the mechanisms underlying congenital valve defects.