Accessory diaphragm associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Pediatric Surgery
• Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Accessory diaphragm (diaphragmatic duplication) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a fibromuscular membrane above the diaphragm.
• This anomaly divides the hemithorax, potentially trapping pulmonary parenchyma and leading to respiratory complications.

Observation:

• This report details a rare case of congenital accessory diaphragm diagnosed antenatally.
• The condition presented as hydrops fetalis, a severe form of fluid accumulation in the fetus.

Findings:

• Less than 40 cases of accessory diaphragm are documented, with only five diagnosed neonatally.
• This case highlights the antenatal presentation of accessory diaphragm, specifically its association with hydrops fetalis.
• Radiological features on antenatal ultrasound are described for this rare anomaly.

Implications:

• This case expands the understanding of congenital accessory diaphragm presentations.
• It emphasizes the importance of recognizing specific ultrasound findings for antenatal diagnosis.
• Early diagnosis can potentially guide management strategies for affected newborns.