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Do listeners recover "deleted" final /t/ in German?

Frank Zimmerer1, Henning Reetz2

  • 1Department of Computational Linguistics and Phonetics, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany ; Institute of Empirical Linguistics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

German listeners can reconstruct deleted final /t/ sounds in speech about 45% of the time. Acoustic cues, like the length of preceding /s/, play a role but don't fully explain this speech perception ability.

Keywords:
Germandeleted tnatural speech processesperception of deletionsegment reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Phonetics
  • Speech Perception

Background:

  • Conversational speech frequently involves sound reduction and deletion, particularly final /t/ in Germanic languages.
  • While factors influencing /t/ deletion are similar across languages, acoustic cues used by speakers differ.
  • German speakers often lengthen a preceding /s/ when deleting final /t/.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate German listeners' ability to reconstruct deleted final /t/ in spoken word fragments.
  • To determine if German listeners' reconstruction strategies depend on the duration of the preceding /s/.
  • To assess the role of language-specific acoustic cues in speech perception.

Main Methods:

  • A forced-choice segment detection task was employed.
  • Participants listened to word fragments with deleted final /t/.
  • Listener performance in detecting the deleted /t/ was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Listeners successfully reconstructed the deleted final /t/ approximately 45% of the time.
  • The length of the preceding /s/ segment influenced reconstruction to some extent.
  • The /s/ length did not entirely account for the observed listener behavior.

Conclusions:

  • German listeners demonstrate a partial ability to perceive deleted final /t/ sounds.
  • Acoustic cues, specifically /s/ length, contribute to, but do not fully explain, the reconstruction of deleted /t/.
  • Language-specific phonetic cues likely play a role in German listeners' speech perception strategies.