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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Schistosomes and snails: a molecular encounter.

Matty Knight1, Halime D Arican-Goktas2, Wannaporn Ittiprasert3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Washington, DC, USA.

Frontiers in Genetics
|August 8, 2014
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Summary

Biomphalaria glabrata snails are key to Schistosoma mansoni transmission. Research uses resistant and susceptible snails to uncover molecular mechanisms of snail-parasite compatibility and develop new schistosomiasis control strategies.

Keywords:
B. glabrataS. mansonicompatibilitygene loci re-localizationgene-expressionintermediate snail hostresistancesusceptibility

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology and Molecular Biology
  • Investigating host-parasite interactions at a molecular level.

Background:

  • Biomphalaria glabrata snails are essential vectors for Schistosoma mansoni, the parasite causing schistosomiasis in the Western Hemisphere.
  • Limited treatment options and lack of vaccines necessitate novel control strategies targeting the parasite's snail stage.
  • Understanding snail-parasite compatibility is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Biomphalaria glabrata snail susceptibility or resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection.
  • To identify genetic markers and differentially expressed genes associated with snail-parasite compatibility.
  • To explore the role of spatial epigenetics in snail-parasite interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Biomphalaria glabrata snails exhibiting varying susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni strains.
  • Employing genetic marker analysis to identify resistance and susceptibility loci.
  • Conducting differential gene expression studies to pinpoint key genes.
  • Investigating the role of schistosomes in mediating chromatin regulation and nuclear architecture changes (spatial epigenetics).

Main Results:

  • Identification of genetic markers associated with snail resistance and susceptibility phenotypes.
  • Discovery of specific genes involved in mediating the snail-parasite compatibility outcome.
  • First-time identification of schistosome-induced non-random relocation of gene loci in the snail host.
  • Establishment of Biomphalaria glabrata as a model for studying spatial epigenetics in response to parasitic infection.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular approaches have significantly advanced the understanding of snail-parasite compatibility in Biomphalaria glabrata.
  • Schistosome-triggered signaling networks control gene expression in the snail, influencing infection outcome.
  • Insights gained from snail-parasite interactions may offer new perspectives on anti-parasite mechanisms in human hosts.