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Related Concept Videos

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

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Superficial ulnar artery perforator flap.

Fabrizio Schonauer1, Sergio Marlino, Francesco Turrà

  • 1From the Chirurgia Plastica, Ricostruttiva ed Estetica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|August 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare superficial ulnar artery perforator flap offers a pliable option for soft tissue reconstruction. This free flap successfully reconstructed tongue defects after cancer surgery with no complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Head and Neck Oncology
  • Reconstructive Microsurgery

Background:

  • The superficial ulnar artery is an uncommon anatomical variant with significant surgical relevance.
  • Its unique characteristics, such as thinness and pliability, make it suitable for soft tissue reconstruction.

Observation:

  • A case report details the successful use of a free superficial ulnar artery perforator forearm flap for tongue reconstruction.
  • The patient, a 64-year-old male, underwent tumor resection and neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma of the left tongue.

Findings:

  • The flap was utilized to reconstruct the tongue and left tonsillar pillar.
  • Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with complete flap survival and no signs of recurrence at 6 months.

Implications:

  • The superficial ulnar artery perforator flap presents a safe and effective alternative to other free tissue transfers.
  • This technique is particularly advantageous for soft tissue defects in the head and neck region, especially in cases with specific forearm anatomy.