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[Post-transfusional hepatitis].

J Ducos

    La Revue Du Praticien
    |September 11, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Viral hepatitis is a significant transfusion complication. Excluding blood donors with high aminotransferase levels or anti-HBc antibodies effectively reduces hepatitis B and non-A non-B hepatitis transmission.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Transfusion Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Viral hepatitis is a major complication following blood transfusions.
    • The incidence of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis varies based on blood product type, donor origin, and screening methods.
    • An estimated 2.3% to 26.5% of transfusion recipients contract hepatitis, averaging 10%.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the impact of donor screening on reducing post-transfusion hepatitis.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of excluding donors with elevated aminotransferase levels and/or anti-HBc antibodies.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of transfusion complication data.
    • Evaluation of donor exclusion criteria, including aminotransferase levels and anti-HBc antibody presence.

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  • Review of hepatitis virus types (Hepatitis B, non-A non-B, CMV) in post-transfusion cases.

    • Main Results:

    • Hepatitis B virus accounts for 10% of post-transfusion hepatitis cases, despite HBs Ag screening.
    • Non-A non-B viruses are responsible for 89% of cases, often undetectable by current serological tests.
    • Excluding donors with elevated aminotransferase and/or anti-HBc antibodies prevents all Hepatitis B and two-thirds of non-A non-B hepatitis transmissions.

    Conclusions:

    • Systematic exclusion of blood donors based on specific criteria significantly reduces transfusion-transmitted hepatitis.
    • This donor selection strategy, implemented in France in October 1988, excludes approximately 5% of blood donors.
    • Further improvements in donor screening are crucial for minimizing viral hepatitis transmission via blood transfusion.