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Related Experiment Video

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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Interaction between different interneuron networks involved in human associative plasticity.

Gionata Strigaro1, Masashi Hamada2, Nagako Murase3

  • 1Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale ''A. Avogadro'', Novara, Italy.

Brain Stimulation
|August 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) at 21.5 ms and 25 ms intervals, which normally enhance motor cortex excitability, cancel each other out when intermixed. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) can restore the effects, suggesting mutual inhibition between PAS protocols.

Keywords:
Associative plasticityHeterosynaptic interactionTranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Cortex Plasticity
  • Brain Stimulation Techniques

Background:

  • Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a key method for investigating spike-timing-dependent plasticity in the motor cortex.
  • Specific interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of PAS, such as 21.5 ms (PAS21.5) and 25 ms (PAS25), induce long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in the corticospinal system.
  • Previous research indicated that transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) over the cerebellum differentially affects PAS21.5 and PAS25, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that PAS21.5 and PAS25 utilize separate mechanisms by examining their effects when intermixed.
  • To investigate whether the combined application of PAS21.5 and PAS25 leads to additive effects on corticospinal excitability.
  • To explore the role of cerebellar TDCS in modulating the interaction between PAS21.5 and PAS25.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four healthy volunteers participated in the study.
  • Eight subjects exhibiting expected facilitation from both PAS21.5 and PAS25 underwent two sessions.
  • Intermixed PAS protocols (PASvar360p and PASvar180p) with randomly delivered ISIs of 21.5 ms and 25 ms were applied, with concurrent sham or anodal cerebellar TDCS.

Main Results:

  • Individually, PAS21.5 and PAS25 facilitate corticospinal excitability.
  • When intermixed, the after-effects of both PAS21.5 and PAS25 were abolished, regardless of the number of pairs used.
  • Concurrent anodal, but not sham, cerebellar TDCS restored the facilitation when PAS21.5 and PAS25 were intermixed.

Conclusions:

  • PAS21.5 and PAS25 engage distinct neuroplasticity mechanisms.
  • These two PAS protocols exhibit mutual inhibition when applied within the same session.
  • Cerebellar TDCS can modulate the interaction between different PAS protocols, further supporting separate underlying mechanisms.