Exceptionally large mitochondrial fragments to the nucleus in sequenced mollusk genomes
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Published on: July 19, 2021
1a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , P.R. China.
Abstract:
The available genome sequences of three mollusks (Biomphalaria glabrata, Aplysia californica and Crassostrea gigas) were first used to investigate the nuclear mitochondrial DNAs (NUMTs) in mollusks. The analysis showed that the NUMT contents were high in B. glabrata (17.738 Kb) and C. gigas (17.192 Kb), of which all or almost all mtDNA sequences were transferred to the nucleus, whereas NUMTs are rare (584 bp) in A. californica. The length of NUMTs was 61 to 5492 bp for B. glabrata, 1711 to 15,481 bp for C. gigas, and 124 to 460 bp for A. californica. The largest C. gigas NUMT covered 84.9% (15,481 bp) of its mitochondrial genome, which is rarely found in invertebrates so far. No correlation was found between NUMT content and genome size in the three sequenced mollusk genomes.
Related Concept Videos
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins
Most of the mitochondrial...

