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Instrumentation Amplifier

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An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
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A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Bidirectional Electrical and Optoelectronic Interfaces in Healthy and Ischemic Ex Vivo Rat Hearts

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Electric organs: history and potential

Bernd Fritzsch¹

¹Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. bernd-fritzsch@uiowa.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 9, 2014

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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