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Fractionating Executive Functions of Adults With ADHD
Viviane Freire Bueno1, Maria Aparecida da Silva2, Tânia Maria Alves2
11 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
Objective:
To evaluate the performance of adults with ADHD considering the fractionation of executive functions into six different domains.
Method:
Participants were adult ADHD patients who were not under the acute effects of medication ( n = 48). Their performance was compared with that of a healthy control group ( n = 20) of comparable age, education, and nonverbal intelligence quotient. The cognitive domains assessed were executive shifting, updating, inhibition of prepotent responses, dual-task performance, planning, and access to long-term memory. We also assessed the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, anxiety, and depression by validated questionnaires.
Results:
Compared with controls, patients reported more symptoms related to ADHD, anxiety and depression symptoms and were impaired in the shifting cost measure and phonemic fluency (measure of access to long-term memory).
Conclusion:
ADHD in adults selectively impaired executive shifting and access to long-term memory, domains that may alter performance in a wide range of daily tasks.
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