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Area of Science:

  • Music Performance Evaluation
  • Auditory-Visual Perception in Music

Background:

  • Listener judgments of ensemble performances are influenced by conductor expressivity.
  • Previous studies indicate visual cues from conductors affect performance perception, but specific impacts on articulation and dynamics require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if conductor gesture expressivity affects evaluations of specific ensemble performance aspects: articulation and dynamics.
  • To investigate the relationship between conductor expressivity and listener perception of musical elements.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-two music performances were created, manipulating conductor gesture expressivity (high vs. low) and target characteristics (articulation vs. dynamics).
  • 285 college students (music majors and non-majors) evaluated 30-second video clips of chamber ensemble performances.
  • Evaluations included articulation, dynamics, technique, tempo, and overall expressivity.

Main Results:

  • Performances with high conductor expressivity received significantly higher evaluations than those with low expressivity.
  • This effect persisted irrespective of the ensemble's objective performance quality.
  • Evaluations of articulation and dynamics were strongly and positively correlated with perceived overall ensemble expressivity.

Conclusions:

  • Conductor's visual expressivity is a crucial factor in listener evaluations of ensemble music.
  • The perceived quality of articulation and dynamics in ensemble performances is significantly influenced by the conductor's expressive gestures.
  • Enhancing conductor expressivity may improve audience perception of ensemble performance quality.