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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Stochastic cellular fate decision making by multiple infecting lambda phage.

Matthew L Robb1, Vahid Shahrezaei1

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage lambda

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacteriophage lambda's lysis-lysogeny decision is crucial for cellular decision-making studies.
  • Viral concentration influences lambda phage's lysis-lysogeny outcome.
  • Recent studies show multiplicity of infection (MOI) also impacts lysogeny rates, independent of viral concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a mechanistic explanation for how multiplicity of infection affects lambda phage lysogeny.
  • To investigate the roles of gene expression noise, spatial dynamics, and cell-cycle effects in this decision.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple stochastic model of the lambda phage genetic network.
  • Investigated intrinsic gene expression noise, spatial dynamics, and cell-cycle effects.
  • Re-analyzed experimental time-lapse movies using cellular image processing.

Main Results:

  • The interplay between intrinsic noise and viral protein thresholds significantly impacts MOI dependence.
  • Spatial segregation of phage particles does not appear to be a major factor.
  • Higher MOI reduces cell elongation rate, potentially affecting transcription and lysogeny rates.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic gene expression noise is a key factor in MOI-dependent phage decision-making.
  • Bacterial growth rate influences lysogeny rate, offering a testable prediction.
  • Findings offer insights into phage decision mechanisms and gene-dosage compensation.