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Immunotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
1Graves' Orbitopathy Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS, Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|August 9, 2014
Summary
Novel immunosuppressive therapies show promise for Graves' ophthalmopathy, offering alternatives to corticosteroids. Rituximab demonstrates potential efficacy and tolerability, pending further randomized trials for Graves' ophthalmopathy treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) pathogenesis involves various antigens.
- Corticosteroids are the current standard treatment for GO.
- Novel immunosuppressive therapies are being explored as alternatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review emerging immunosuppressive therapies for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
- To evaluate potential therapeutic targets and their efficacy.
- To compare novel agents with current corticosteroid treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies on immunosuppressive agents for GO.
- Analysis of targets including TSH receptor, IGF-1 receptor, and cytokines.
- Evaluation of agents like teprotumumab, tocilizumab, and rituximab.
Main Results:
- TSH receptor and IGF-1 receptor are key targets for immune therapy.
- Teprotumumab and tocilizumab show promising results in early studies.
- Rituximab efficacy is under investigation in ongoing randomized controlled trials.
Conclusions:
- Immunosuppressors offer disease-modifying potential beyond corticosteroids for GO.
- Rituximab shows promise as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
- Further randomized trials are crucial to confirm the efficacy of novel agents.
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