Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

1.0K
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
1.0K
Understanding Deception01:14

Understanding Deception

251
Deception is a pervasive aspect of human communication. Empirical studies have shown that most individuals engage in some form of deceit on a daily basis, with approximately 20% of social exchanges involving deceptive elements. Lying follows a developmental trajectory, peaking during adolescence and declining with age, possibly due to the maturation of cognitive control and social accountability.Cognitive and Social Factors in Deception DetectionDespite its prevalence, accurately detecting...
251
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

12.9K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
12.9K
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

28.1K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
28.1K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

36.2K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
36.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Harnessing host-guest recognition and electron transfer in MXene-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au-pillararene for enhanced 4-nitrophenol monitoring.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Non-enzymatic acetylation of lysine residues affects the stability of Rubisco activase.

aBIOTECH·2026
Same author

Health Shocks and Debt Risk Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals in China: The Mediating Roles of Informal Self-Treatment and Formal Healthcare Utilization.

Risk management and healthcare policy·2026
Same author

Chemomechanical remodeling of glucocorticoid-sensitive fibroblasts for multimodal synergistic therapy of skin fibrosis.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026
Same author

Impact of the Tiered-Network Healthcare Policy (TNHP) on the health resource allocation, patients flow and service efficiencies of Primary Healthcare Institutions (PHCIs) in China: an interrupted time series study.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Impact of fiscal subsidies of health insurance system and public health programs on the efficiency of primary healthcare institutions in China.

BMC health services research·2026
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

7.8K

Using Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model to detect test cheating due to item compromise.

Zhan Shu1, Robert Henson, Richard Luecht

  • 1Educational Testing Service, 660 Rosedale Road, Princeton, NJ, 08541, USA, zshu@ets.org.

Psychometrika
|August 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model (DGM) to detect test cheaters. The model identifies score gains from item exposure by comparing true ability and cheating distributions.

More Related Videos

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

7.8K
Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

7.8K
An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

7.8K
Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • Item exposure and compromise can lead to score inflation.
  • Traditional models may not adequately differentiate between genuine ability and gains from cheating.
  • Accurate identification of test cheaters is crucial for maintaining assessment integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate the Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model (DGM) for detecting examinees who gain scores through item exposure.
  • To differentiate between true examinee ability and cheating ability.
  • To provide a robust statistical framework for identifying compromised test data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model (DGM).
  • Introduction of a "gated" function to decompose examinee performance into true and cheating distributions.
  • Application of Hierarchical Markov Chain Monte Carlo for model estimation.
  • Validation using a real-world dataset with exposed items.

Main Results:

  • The DGM successfully distinguishes between true ability and cheating-related score gains.
  • The model effectively identifies examinees with pre-knowledge on exposed items.
  • Comparison of true ability and cheating distributions provides a clear indicator of compromised scores.

Conclusions:

  • The Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model (DGM) is a viable tool for detecting score gains due to item compromise.
  • The model enhances the accuracy of test score interpretation by accounting for potential cheating.
  • This approach contributes to more secure and valid standardized testing.