Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)-associated hyponatremia and brain damage: a case series
Steven G Achinger1, Allen Israel Arieff2, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh3
1Department of Nephrology, Watson Clinic, LLP - Lakeland, FL, USA.
Background:
Desmopressin (DDAVP) is typically prescribed for central diabetes insipidus, von Willebrands disease and for enuresis. DDAVP-associated hyponatremia is a known complication of DDAVP therapy. The currently recommended treatment for this condition calls for discontinuing DDAVP as part of the initial therapy. This recommendation could lead to a water diuresis and potentially over-correction of the serum sodium.
Methods:
The 15 patients in this case series developed symptomatic DDAVP-associated hyponatremia and were admitted to acute care hospitals. Thirty-eight percent presented with symptomatic hyponatremia and 62% developed symptomatic hyponatremia due to concomitant DDAVP and hypotonic intravenous fluid administration during a hospital stay. Group 1 patients (n = 13) were treated by withholding DDAVP and providing intravenous saline. Group 2 patients (n = 2) were treated by continuing DDAVP and providing DDAVP and intravenous hypertonic saline.
Results:
Among Group 1 patients, in whom DDAVP was withheld as initial management of DDAVP-associated hyponatremia (n = 13), the mean change in serum sodium in the first 2 days of treatment was 37.1 ± 8.1 mEq/L. The ultimate outcome in this group was death in 23%, severe brain damage in 69% and moderate brain damage in 8%. In Group 2 patients, in whom DDAVP was continued (n = 2) as part of the initial management strategy, the mean change in serum sodium was 11.0 ± 0 mEq/L in the first 2 days. The ultimate outcome was survival without neurological sequelae in both cases.
Conclusions:
Discontinuing DDAVP in a patient with symptomatic DDAVP-associated hyponatremia can lead to rapid correction of the serum sodium and resultant severe neurological injury. In contrast, continuing the medication while correcting DDAVP-associated hyponatremia may lead to better outcomes by avoiding over-correction of the serum sodium. Thus, an alternative approach that we propose is to continue DDAVP as part of the initial management of this disorder.
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