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Bonding in Metals02:32

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method
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Silver- and gold-mediated nucleobase bonding.

Paulo H Acioli1, Sudha Srinivas

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. Saint Louis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60625, USA, p-acioli@neiu.edu.

Journal of Molecular Modeling
|August 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Density functional theory reveals how silver and gold atoms influence nucleobase pairing. These metal atoms can strengthen or disrupt DNA base pairing, impacting molecular interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nucleobase interactions are fundamental to DNA structure and function.
  • Metal ions are known to interact with nucleobases, potentially altering their properties.
  • Understanding metal-nucleobase interactions is crucial for fields like nanomedicine and materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bonding of nucleobases mediated by silver and gold atoms using computational methods.
  • To determine the effect of metal atom bonding on the stability of Watson-Crick base pairs.
  • To explore how metal atoms interact with different sites on nucleobases.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed.
  • The Becke exchange and Perdew-Wang correlation functional (BPW91) was used.

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  • Stuttgart effective core potentials and DGTZVP basis sets were utilized for atomic representations.

    • Main Results:

    • Calculations revealed strong bonds between Watson-Crick base pairs mediated by silver and gold atoms.
    • Neutral metal atoms preferentially bonded near nitrogen atoms.
    • Metal atom bonding to non-hydrogen-bonding sites slightly enhanced cytosine-guanine pairing but had minimal effect on adenine-thymine.
    • Metal atoms could also block hydrogen-bonding sites, disrupting normal base pairing.

    Conclusions:

    • Silver and gold atoms significantly influence nucleobase pairing stability and patterns.
    • The location of metal atom bonding dictates its effect on base pairing.
    • These findings provide insights into metal-nucleobase interactions with implications for molecular design.