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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Antigenic structures stably expressed by recombinant TGEV-derived vectors.

Martina Becares1, Carlos M Sanchez1, Isabel Sola1

  • 1Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain.

Virology
|August 10, 2014
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Summary

Engineered coronaviruses (CoVs) express foreign genes stably by reducing gene size. These modified transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) vectors offer partial protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets.

Keywords:
Coronavirus derived vectorsPRRSVPositive-strand RNA virusesRNA vector stabilityTGEV

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) show promise as vaccine vectors due to their ability to elicit immune responses.
  • High recombination rates in CoVs can lead to the loss of inserted foreign genes, limiting vector efficacy.
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a significant threat to swine health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a more stable coronavirus-derived vector for improved heterologous gene expression.
  • To assess the stability and immunogenicity of engineered transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) vectors expressing PRRSV antigenic domains.
  • To evaluate the protective efficacy of these vectors against PRRSV challenge in piglets.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of TGEV to express small protein domains from PRRSV.
  • Serial passage of engineered TGEV in tissue cultures to ensure stable gene expression.
  • Immunization of piglets with TGEV vectors followed by challenge with a virulent PRRSV strain.

Main Results:

  • Stable expression of PRRSV small protein antigenic domains was achieved in TGEV vectors after size reduction.
  • Immunization with engineered TGEV vectors resulted in partial protection against PRRSV challenge.
  • Protected piglets exhibited reduced clinical signs and lung damage compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing the size of heterologous genes enhances their stability in CoV-derived vectors.
  • Engineered TGEV vectors expressing PRRSV antigenic domains offer a viable strategy for partial protection against PRRSV.
  • Further research should focus on decreasing the recombination rate of TGEV vectors for enhanced efficacy.