Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

16.0K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
16.0K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.8K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.8K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

34.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
34.3K
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

6.2K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
6.2K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

14.5K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
14.5K
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

9.3K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
9.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pilot Study: DermiSphere: A Novel Hydrogel with Collagen Microspheres Dermal Regeneration Template.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2026
Same author

Graft-Free ICA-to-ECA Transposition for a Giant Extracranial Carotid Artery Aneurysm in an Infant: A 13-Year Follow-Up Demonstrating Durable Patency and Growth Compatibility.

Pediatric neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Intermittent parathyroid hormone employs autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms to drive osteogenesis from Ebf3-expressing skeletal progenitor cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Regulation of cAMP levels in osteocytes by mechano-sensitive focal adhesion kinase and phosphodiesterase 8A.

iScience·2026
Same author

Suture the Future: Evaluating the Impact of Early Surgical Exposure for High School Students.

Journal of surgical education·2026
Same author

Information propagation in predator-prey dynamics of turbulent plasma.

Physical review. E·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

8.7K

MicroRNAs involved in bone formation.

Garyfallia Papaioannou1, Fatemeh Mirzamohammadi, Tatsuya Kobayashi

  • 1Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1101, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, gpapaioannou@mgh.harvard.edu.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|August 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that regulate gene expression and play crucial roles in bone formation. Understanding their mechanisms offers potential new therapies for skeletal diseases.

More Related Videos

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

13.2K
Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model
05:10

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

817

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

8.7K
Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

13.2K
Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model
05:10

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

817

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiate into bone- and cartilage-forming cells during skeletal development.
  • This differentiation is a complex process regulated by multiple systems.
  • Small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles and mechanisms of microRNAs in bone formation.
  • To discuss specific miRNAs involved in osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic applications of miRNAs for skeletal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on microRNAs in bone formation.
  • Analysis of miRNA roles in different bone cell types (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoclasts).
  • Discussion of in vitro findings and the need for in vivo validation.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs significantly influence all stages of bone formation.
  • Specific miRNAs have demonstrated roles in osteoblast, chondrocyte, and osteoclast differentiation and function.
  • Current knowledge is primarily based on in vitro studies.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators of skeletal development and bone homeostasis.
  • Further in vivo studies are necessary to validate the functions of specific miRNAs.
  • MicroRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for treating skeletal diseases.