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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Malaria: an update on current chemotherapy.

Benjamin J Visser1, Michèle van Vugt, Martin P Grobusch

  • 1University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimalarial drug development is rapidly evolving to combat resistance. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are now standard for malaria, but new treatments are crucial for continued progress and eventual elimination.

Keywords:
Plasmodium falciparumPlasmodium knowlesiPlasmodium malariaePlasmodium ovalePlasmodium vivaxartemisinin combination treatmentmalariapregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Malariology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antimalarial drug resistance has historically challenged treatment efficacy.
  • Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the current standard for uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
  • ACTs are increasingly considered for non-falciparum malaria treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current antimalarial drug therapies.
  • To highlight ongoing Phase III/IV clinical trials.
  • To summarize recent developments in malaria chemotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a narrative review.
  • It synthesizes information on state-of-the-art antimalarial drug therapy.
  • It examines global clinical trial portfolios and current advancements.

Main Results:

  • Malaria chemotherapy is a dynamic field with emerging novel drugs and combinations.
  • Artemisinin derivatives face increasing resistance, necessitating new strategies.
  • ACTs are recommended for imported malaria and further research is needed for non-falciparum species.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous investment in antimalarial drug development is vital.
  • Further research, especially randomized controlled studies, is needed for specific populations like pregnant women.
  • Combating artemisinin resistance and improving malaria control are key to elimination efforts.