Poxvirus-induced angiogenesis after a thermal burn

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Virology
• Pathology

Background:

• Orf (contagious ecthyma) is a zoonotic infection caused by a dermatotropic parapoxvirus, commonly affecting livestock.
• Transmission to humans occurs via direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites, leading to various skin lesions.
• Rarely, orf virus can manifest as extensive vascular or endothelial proliferation.

Observation:

• An 8-year-old female developed red swellings and crusting on a thermal burn site.
• Nodules appeared in the burnt areas after initial treatment.
• Clinical and histopathological findings suggested a viral-induced reactive vascular proliferation.

Findings:

• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of parapoxvirus ovis.
• The case presented as poxvirus-induced vascular angiogenesis, a rare manifestation.
• Viral infections, including poxviruses, can mimic or trigger pyogenic granuloma-like vascular angiogenesis.

Implications:

• This case highlights the potential for orf virus to cause unusual skin manifestations like vascular angiogenesis.
• It underscores the importance of considering infectious agents in the differential diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma-like lesions.
• Early identification and consideration of viral etiologies are crucial for appropriate patient management.