Formaldehyde and heavy metal migration from rubber and metallic packaging/utensils in Korea

The aim of this study was to determine the non-intentionally added substances--formaldehyde and trace metals--at 4% acetic acid conditions in rubber and metallic packaging/utensils. The temperature effect on migration in rubber and metallic packaging/utensils was monitored at 60 °C and 100 °C under acidic (pH < 3) circumstances. The concentrations were: formaldehyde--23.1 μg kg⁻¹, lead--13.41 μg kg⁻¹, cadmium--0.15 μg kg⁻¹, total arsenic--2.02 μg kg⁻¹ and nickel--2.92 μg kg⁻¹ at 60 °C and formaldehyde--148.9 μg kg⁻¹, lead--17.04 μg kg⁻¹, cadmium--0.14 μg kg⁻¹, total arsenic--7.25 μg kg⁻¹ and nickel--8.7 μg kg⁻¹ at 100 °C. A significant difference was noticed in formaldehyde and total arsenic between both temperatures (p < 0.01), which was not present in other trace metals. In conclusion, formaldehyde and total arsenic were more sensitive with cooking temperature than the other metals.