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Suicidal behaviour and memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Stephane Richard-Devantoy1,2, Marcelo T Berlim1, Fabrice Jollant1

  • 1a McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute , McGill Group for Suicide Studies , Montréal , Québec , Canada.

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
|August 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Memory deficits, particularly in autobiographical and long-term memory, are linked to increased vulnerability to suicidal acts. Impaired memory may hinder problem-solving and future envisioning in individuals with a history of suicide attempts.

Keywords:
autobiographical memoryshort- and long-term memorysuicidal behaviourvulnerabilityworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Suicidal behavior arises from complex interactions between stressors and vulnerability factors, including cognitive deficits.
  • The specific role of memory impairment as a vulnerability factor in suicidal behavior requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between memory deficits and vulnerability to suicidal acts.
  • To determine if specific types of memory impairment are linked to a history of suicide attempts.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted across Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo databases.
  • Twenty-four studies encompassing 2,595 participants were included in the analysis.
  • Four memory types were assessed: working memory, short-term memory, long-term memory, and autobiographical memory.

Main Results:

  • Patients with a history of suicide attempts exhibited significantly less specific and more general autobiographical memory compared to controls.
  • Impairments in long-term memory and working memory were more pronounced in suicide attempters than in patient and healthy controls.
  • Short-term memory did not significantly differentiate suicide attempters from patient controls.

Conclusions:

  • Memory deficits, especially in autobiographical and long-term recall, may represent a significant vulnerability factor for suicidal acts.
  • Altered memory processes could impede an individual's ability to utilize past experiences for current problem-solving and future planning.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the intricate relationship between memory function and suicidal behavior risk.