Predictors of hypofibrinogenemia in blunt trauma patients on admission

Massive bleeding usually leads to critically low levels of clotting factors, including fibrinogen. Although reduced fibrinogen levels correlate with increased mortality, predictors of hypofibrinogenemia have remained poorly understood. We investigated whether findings available on admission can be used as predictors of hypofibrinogenemia.

We retrospectively reviewed serum fibrinogen levels tested on arrival in 290 blunt trauma patients transported to a level I trauma center during a 3-year period. The primary outcome was prehospital predictors for hypofibrinogenemia. Covariates included age, sex, prehospital fluid therapy, prehospital anatomical and physiological scores, time from injury, base excess, and lactate on arrival. All variables with values of p < 0.10 in univariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. The relationships between the variables and the 7-day mortality rate were evaluated in a Cox proportional hazards model.

Patient's age [odds ratio (OR): 0.97, p < 0.001], Triage Revised Trauma Score (T-RTS) (OR: 0.81, p = 0.003), and prehospital fluid therapy (OR: 2.54, p = 0.01) were detected as independent predictors for hypofibrinogenemia in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Serum fibrinogen level [hazard ratio (HR): 0.99, p = 0.01] and T-RTS (HR: 0.77, p < 0.01) were associated with the 7-day mortality rate.

T-RTS is considered to play an important role in predicting hypofibrinogenemia and 7-day mortality in blunt trauma patients.