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Hospitalizations for severe lower respiratory tract infections

Adena H Greenbaum1, Jufu Chen2, Carrie Reed2

  • 1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Epidemic Intelligence Service assigned to the Influenza Division.

Pediatrics
|August 13, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) hospitalizations disproportionately affect infants under one year old. Children with underlying medical conditions face the highest risk for severe LRTI hospitalization.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a significant cause of childhood hospitalization.
  • Characterizing severe LRTI hospitalizations provides crucial data for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the epidemiology of severe LRTI hospitalizations in children.
  • To identify risk factors associated with severe LRTI hospitalizations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of commercial and Medicaid insurance claims data (MarketScan) from 2007-2011 for children aged 0-18 years.
  • Severe LRTI defined by ICD-9 codes, ICU admission, or mechanical ventilation.
  • Underlying medical conditions identified from prior year's claims data.

Main Results:

  • Over 28,000 severe LRTI hospitalizations annually in the US.
  • Infants under 1 year had the highest hospitalization rates (244-372 per 100,000 person-years).
  • Children with one or more underlying conditions had a significantly increased risk of severe LRTI hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • Infants (<1 year) bear the greatest burden of severe LRTI hospitalizations.
  • Underlying medical conditions are a key risk factor for severe LRTI hospitalization in children.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenhospitalizationssevere respiratory tract infection

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