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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
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Choosing supplementary markers in forensic casework.

Andreas O Tillmar1, Petter Mostad2

  • 1Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|August 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standard DNA testing often yields clear familial identification. For ambiguous cases, supplementary markers like short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) improve accuracy, with STRs proving most efficient in paternity testing.

Keywords:
Decision makingError ratePaternity testingSimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic genetics
  • Human identification
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Standard DNA testing using short tandem repeat (STR) loci is common for familial identification.
  • Ambiguous results necessitate supplementary genetic markers for enhanced information.
  • Available supplementary markers include STRs, deletion insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a precise decision-making method for comparing different marker sets in casework.
  • To identify the most efficient marker set for routine forensic DNA analysis.
  • To evaluate supplementary marker efficiency in paternity investigations with inconclusive initial results.

Main Methods:

  • A function was developed to quantify the additional information value of new genetic data.
  • Likelihood-based error rates were approximated using simulation for method computation.
  • Three commercial kits (Investigator HDplex (STRs), Investigator DIPplex (DIPs), SNPforID-plex (SNPs)) were compared in paternity scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Investigator HDplex (STRs) demonstrated the highest efficiency in standard paternity cases.
  • In paternity cases with a close relative as the alternative father, Investigator HDplex and SNPforID-plex showed comparable efficiency.
  • Investigator DIPplex (DIPs) was found to be the least efficient marker set among those tested.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method aids in selecting optimal supplementary markers for specific forensic case scenarios.
  • STRs are generally the most efficient supplementary markers for routine paternity testing.
  • SNPs offer comparable efficiency to STRs in complex paternity cases involving close relatives.