Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer

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Nobuhiro Kanaji1, Naoki Watanabe1, Nobuyuki Kita1

  • 1Nobuhiro Kanaji, Naoki Watanabe, Nobuyuki Kita, Shuji Bandoh, Akira Tadokoro, Tomoya Ishii, Hiroaki Dobashi, Takuya Matsunaga, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.

World Journal of Clinical Oncology
|August 13, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Paraneoplastic syndromes, remote effects of cancer, manifest in various organ systems. Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying lung cancer are crucial for managing these complex conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes are systemic effects of cancer remote from the tumor site.
  • Lung cancer frequently presents with diverse paraneoplastic syndromes affecting multiple organ systems.
  • These syndromes can precede cancer diagnosis, particularly neurologic and dermatologic manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms underlying these syndromes.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatments for paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.
  • Evaluation of pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Lung cancer-associated paraneoplastic syndromes encompass neurologic, endocrine, dermatologic, rheumatologic, hematologic, and ophthalmologic disorders.
  • Specific syndromes correlate with lung cancer histology, e.g., hypercalcemia with squamous cell carcinoma and SIADH with small cell lung cancer.
  • Aberrant release of humoral mediators (hormones, cytokines, antibodies) is implicated in pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes are critical indicators of underlying lung cancer, often presenting before tumor detection.
  • Effective management hinges on prompt diagnosis and treatment of the primary lung malignancy.
  • Understanding the mechanisms is key to developing targeted therapies for improved patient outcomes.
Keywords:
DiagnosisEndocrineHematologicNeurologicNon-small cell lung cancerParaneoplastic syndromeSmall cell lung cancerSymptomTreatmentTrousseau’s syndrome

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