Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 25, 2026
Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: May 27, 2022
[Cytokines as biomarkers in polytraumatized patients]
1Experimentelle Unfallchirurgie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland, vanGriensven@uchir.me.tum.de.
Background:
Multiple trauma can lead to posttraumatic complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and sepsis. Currently, these complications are monitored using clinical and organ-specific parameters. The immune system is activated by trauma. Cytokines, which are the messenger molecules of this system, can be determined in serum. Furthermore, they are associated with the intensity of the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions.
Aim:
This review describes clinical studies that measured cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 to prognosticate posttraumatic complications. On the other hand, IL-6 can be helpful in deciding which primary operation to perform, i.e., external fixator or intramedullary nail. Moreover, IL-6 indicates the strength of the immune reaction. Thereby, it may help in determining the optimal time for secondary surgery.
