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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells
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Evolution of nonclassical MHC-dependent invariant T cells

Eva-Stina Edholm1, Leon Grayfer, Jacques Robert

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|August 14, 2014
PubMed

TCR-mediated specific recognition of antigenic peptides in the context of classical MHC molecules is a cornerstone of adaptive immunity of jawed vertebrate. Ancillary to these interactions, the T cell repertoire also includes unconventional T cells that recognize endogenous and/or exogenous antigens in a classical MHC-unrestricted manner. Among these, the mammalian nonclassical MHC class I-restricted invariant T cell (iT) subsets, such as iNKT and MAIT cells, are now believed to be integral to immune response initiation as well as in orchestrating subsequent adaptive immunity. Until recently the evolutionary origins of these cells were unknown. Here we review our current understanding of a nonclassical MHC class I-restricted iT cell population in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Parallels with the mammalian iNKT and MAIT cells underline the crucial biological roles of these evolutionarily ancient immune subsets.

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