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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under...
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Cross-education strength and activation after eccentric exercise.

Lindsey K Lepley1, Riann M Palmieri-Smith

  • 1School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Journal of Athletic Training
|August 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eccentric exercise of one limb improved strength and activation in the unexercised limb, suggesting a potential role in rehabilitation. This cross-education training enhances quadriceps strength without directly training the injured leg.

Keywords:
cross-education trainingkneequadriceps musclerehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Neuromuscular Adaptation

Background:

  • Eccentric exercise of an injured limb is often contraindicated during recovery.
  • Cross-education training, exercising the uninjured limb, is a potential alternative to maintain strength in the injured limb.
  • The efficacy of cross-education for improving quadriceps strength and activation in the unexercised limb requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of eccentric exercise on quadriceps strength and activation in the contralateral, unexercised limb.
  • To determine if cross-education via eccentric training can enhance neuromuscular performance in the untrained limb.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen healthy participants were randomized into either an eccentric training group or a control group.
  • The eccentric training group performed eccentric exercises on their dominant limb three times weekly for eight weeks.
  • Quadriceps strength (concentric and eccentric) and activation (central activation ratio) were measured at baseline, mid-point, and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Eccentric training led to significant gains in eccentric, but not concentric, quadriceps strength in the unexercised limb.
  • Strength improvements in the unexercised limb were observed between pre-intervention and mid-intervention, and pre-intervention and post-intervention.
  • A trend towards increased quadriceps activation was noted in the unexercised limb of the training group, indicating potential neural adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • Eccentric cross-education training promotes mode-specific and velocity-specific strength gains in the unexercised limb.
  • Observed trends in muscle activation suggest that neural factors may contribute to these strength improvements.
  • Eccentric cross-education represents a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing quadriceps strength during rehabilitation.